Rheology, simulation and data analysis toward bioprinting cell viability awareness

Microextrusion-based bioprinting consists of extruding a cellularized hydrogel through nozzle known geometry. As consequence this travelling the nozzle, shear forces will inevitably be generated upon cells during extrusion process and have negative effect on cell viability, proliferation biological fate tissue. In present study for first time in field, flow simulation (lysis, necrosis, apoptosis viable) were consolidated to establish mathematical relationships. We demonstrated that constant residence at wall, higher wall stress values, lower viable populations. Furthermore, maximum stress, longer Regarding quantification damaged fibroblasts necrosis apoptosis) microextrusion, lysis was shown prevailing death pathway compared apoptosis. Finally, partial least square (PLS) modelling able correctly predicted cells’ population with high correlation (R2 0.859; error 9.2%) between measured percentage. This model predictive over large range viability (38.5–94%) prediction only 9.2%.